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排序方式: 共有651条查询结果,搜索用时 906 毫秒
1.
Amirhossein Moosavi Adel Nikfarjam 《International Journal of Sustainable Engineering》2019,12(3):174-188
In this paper, the inventory-routing problem is studied for a closed-loop supply chain. This closed-loop supply chain considers suppliers, manufacturers, whole-sellers, and disposal centers. To formulate this problem, a mixed integer linear programming model is proposed. This mathematical model minimizes the total costs of the supply chain, including the fixed and variable costs of vehicles, and holding inventory costs of final products and scraps. The proposed model considers the road roughness degree, multi-path setting and the heterogeneous fleet of vehicles, which increases its flexibility and the quality of solutions. Then, two symmetry-breaking constraints are proposed to reduce the complexity of the mathematical model. In order to evaluate the integrity of the proposed model, 20 instances of different sizes are randomly generated and solved. Finally, a comprehensive sensitivity analysis is conducted with respect to five key features of the problem, such as the impact of the symmetry-breaking constraints on the CPU time, multi-path setting, fixed cost of vehicles, heterogeneous fleet of vehicles, and lost sales. The results indicate that the consideration of multi-path setting and the heterogeneous fleet of vehicles improves the quality of solutions significantly. 相似文献
2.
经济发达地区土地利用结构变化预测 --以江苏省江阴市为例 总被引:31,自引:1,他引:30
结构决定功能,把握土地利用结构变化的趋势,调整社会经济发展的策略。优化土地利用结构是土地可持续利用的关键。以经济发达地区江苏省江阴市为例,运用马尔柯夫链的理论与方法,构建土地利用结构转移的概率矩阵,预测江阴市2005年和2010年的土地利用结构,并分析其变化特征,以此来研究经济发达地区近期内可能的土地利用结构变化规律。模拟结果表明,经济发达地区土地利用结构变化存在着非农化趋势加快.农地数量减少加速的现象,如果为保证耕地的数量平衡,则可能导致农地内部结构极其不合理。根据研究结果,提出适当释放农地,促进经济发展;运用经济杆杠,提高非农用地利用效率;重视耕地质量,改善生态环境的政策建议。 相似文献
3.
With China's rapid economic growth, ecological construction and environmental protection become increasingly important. The regenerated resources industry is an effective way to solve problems, such as resources depletion, energy shortage, and pollution, and it also has strategic importance for the construction of a resource-conserving and environment-friendly society. The regenerated resources industry has been established in Miluo for long time, which includes a recycling system, a processing and utilization system, and a refuse decontamination system. An industrial cluster is in its early stage of development. In order to solve current problems, such as short industrial chain, low processing rate, and low added value, the industrial cluster should be dynamically upgraded by means of technology innovation, chain nucleus creation, and chain extension. We think the industrial cluster of regenerated resources will become a local brand for Miluo, from which other regions or cities will gain valuable experiences and inspirations. 相似文献
4.
Mulberry-silkworm food chain--a templet to assess heavy metal mobility in terrestrial ecosystems 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Assessment of the food chain mobility of heavy metals inthe natural ecosystem receives more attention nowadays. Inthe present study, mulberry-silkworm food chain has beenfocused as a templet to assess the biomobility of heavymetals in soil-higher plant-insect hierarchy. Both in thecase of Cd and Cu treatments, higher mobility wasobserved in the level-1 (soil–root) followed by level-3(leaf–larva), level-4 (larvae–faecal) and level-2(root–leaf). Consequently, roots accumulated more amountsof Cd and Cu, with a limited transport to the leaves.Among the two metals (Cd and Cu) tested, in the plant,the transfer potential of Cd exceeds that of Cu. Whereasin the case of leaf–larval transfer, Cu precedes overCd. Accumulation of Cd and Cu in all the levels (1–4)tested showed a concentration dependent increase, except inthe level 4 (larva–faecal) of Cd treatment where adeclining trend was noticed. 相似文献
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介绍了多级活性生化处理 (MSABP)这项新的废水处理技术的原理、技术特点及两个实例运用。这是此项技术在国内的首次运用 ,其最大的优点是无剩余污泥产生 ,不需要沉淀池 相似文献
7.
本文主要论述了中国东南大地构造演化特征。晋宁旋回,南北板块碰撞,形成近东西向构造格局、转换块间带及交结盆地。加里东旋回至印支旋回,东南地壳由非成熟性地壳逐渐向稳定性大陆地壳过渡。陆壳的生长是以两个外隆为中心呈环带状向外扩张。燕山旋回,大陆破坏和改造,形成大陆边缘的流纹岩链。显示了地壳生长为多旋回前进演化的特征。 相似文献
8.
从工业生态学角度研究矿区工业生态系统的工业代谢和工业生态链,建立矿区物质循环与能量流动[火用]分析和[火用]效率模型。根据生态效率的理念,矿区发展需要五项关键支撑技术,为合理选择煤炭的产业链延伸途径打下理论基础,促进矿区可持续发展。 相似文献
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10.
The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used on material from a blighted ovum to confirm indirectly the carrier status of a woman with a family history of Becker muscular dystrophy. Conventional testing including creatine kinase levels, muscle biopsy, and EMG had been inconclusive, and on the basis of one elevated creatine kinase level, the woman had been designated a possible carrier. Ultrasound examination at 10 weeks of pregnancy indicated a blighted ovum, from which DNA was subsequently extracted and subjected to PCR testing for determination of sex and genotypic status with respect to the known familial deletion of the dystrophin gene. The blighted ovum was found to have a Y chromosome and also to be deleted for at least exon 6 of the dystrophin gene, indirectly indicating that the mother most likely carried the family mutation for Becker muscular dystrophy. 相似文献